Which Level B risk factor is associated with primary adhesive capsulitis?

Which Level B risk factor is associated with primary adhesive capsulitis?

• A. Diabetes
• B. Osteoarthritis
• C. Hypertension
• D. Hyperlipidemia

Answer: (A)

A strong link exists between diabetes and primary adhesive capsulitis. Diabetes mellitus contributes to changes in connective tissue through non-enzymatic glycation of collagen, leading to stiffer, thicker joint capsules and a propensity for contracture. This makes the shoulder more likely to develop the painful loss of motion characteristic of frozen shoulder, especially external rotation and progression to abduction limitations. While hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and osteoarthritis are common conditions in many patients, they do not have as consistent or direct an association with the development of primary adhesive capsulitis as diabetes does.

A strong link exists between diabetes and primary adhesive capsulitis. Diabetes mellitus contributes to changes in connective tissue through non-enzymatic glycation of collagen, leading to stiffer, thicker joint capsules and a propensity for contracture. This makes the shoulder more likely to develop the painful loss of motion characteristic of frozen shoulder, especially external rotation and progression to abduction limitations. While hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and osteoarthritis are common conditions in many patients, they do not have as consistent or direct an association with the development of primary adhesive capsulitis as diabetes does.