Which factor is NOT listed as a risk factor for glenohumeral joint arthritis?

Which factor is NOT listed as a risk factor for glenohumeral joint arthritis?

• A. Regular swimming
• B. Overhead sports
• C. Genetics
• D. Trauma

Answer: (A)

Understanding what contributes to glenohumeral joint arthritis helps you distinguish non-factors from true risks. Established risk factors include a history of shoulder trauma, which can create focal cartilage damage and instability leading to OA; genetics, which influences cartilage quality and susceptibility to degenerative changes; and repetitive overhead activity, which places chronic stress on the joint and can accelerate wear. Regular swimming, on the other hand, is a low-impact, balanced motion that generally does not increase joint load in the same way and is not considered a risk factor for glenohumeral OA. Hence, regular swimming is not listed as a risk factor, while overhead sports, trauma, and genetics are.

Understanding what contributes to glenohumeral joint arthritis helps you distinguish non-factors from true risks. Established risk factors include a history of shoulder trauma, which can create focal cartilage damage and instability leading to OA; genetics, which influences cartilage quality and susceptibility to degenerative changes; and repetitive overhead activity, which places chronic stress on the joint and can accelerate wear. Regular swimming, on the other hand, is a low-impact, balanced motion that generally does not increase joint load in the same way and is not considered a risk factor for glenohumeral OA. Hence, regular swimming is not listed as a risk factor, while overhead sports, trauma, and genetics are.