Which factor is listed as a risk for glenohumeral joint arthritis?

Which factor is listed as a risk for glenohumeral joint arthritis?

• A. Overhead sports
• B. Childhood arthritis
• C. Regular swimming
• D. Low-impact activities

Answer: (A)

Overhead loading of the shoulder subjects the glenohumeral joint to high, repetitive forces during activities that involve lifting the arm overhead. This pattern causes microtrauma to the articular cartilage and stress to the labrum and surrounding soft tissues, leading to progressive wear and degenerative changes over time that can culminate in arthritis. In contrast, regular swimming and other low-impact activities place less extreme joint stresses and are less likely to drive degenerative changes. Childhood arthritis isn’t a typical direct risk factor for glenohumeral OA later on, whereas repetitive overhead use is a well-recognized contributor to joint degeneration.

Overhead loading of the shoulder subjects the glenohumeral joint to high, repetitive forces during activities that involve lifting the arm overhead. This pattern causes microtrauma to the articular cartilage and stress to the labrum and surrounding soft tissues, leading to progressive wear and degenerative changes over time that can culminate in arthritis. In contrast, regular swimming and other low-impact activities place less extreme joint stresses and are less likely to drive degenerative changes. Childhood arthritis isn’t a typical direct risk factor for glenohumeral OA later on, whereas repetitive overhead use is a well-recognized contributor to joint degeneration.